Leadership Trait Theory Essay Example

Leadership Trait Theory Essay Example Leadership Trait Theory Paper Leadership Trait Theory Paper Sir Francis Galton is credited with being one of the earliest leadership theorists, mentioning the trait approach to leadership for the first time in his book Hereditary Genius, published in 1869. Galton (1869) believed that leadership qualities were genetic characteristics of a family. â€Å"Qualities such as courage and wisdom were passed on- from family member to family member, from generation to generation† (R. House, M. Javidan, P. Hanges, and P. Dorfman, 2002). The trait theory of leadership makes the assumption that distinctive physical and psychological characteristics account for leadership effectiveness (McGraw, 2007). The most basic leadership traits are basic intelligence, clear and strong values and high level of personal energy (Ram Charan, Stephen Drotter, James Noel, 2001). However, Edwin Gheselli defined the leadership traits as six traits which were most widely reported by others according to McGraw (2007), and the six traits are Need for achievement, Intelligence, Decisiveness, Self- confidence, initiative and supervisory ability (Edwin Gheselli). On the contrary, Zaccaro (2007) noted that trait theories still just focus on a small set of individual attributes such as the Big Five personality traits, to the neglect of cognitive abilities, motives, values, social skills, expertise, and problem-solving skills. Besides, he also noted that this trait theory aim to consider patterns or integrations of multiple attributes. Leadership Behavior Theory With the growing concentrate on the behaviorism in psychology during 1930s, more and more research occurred in leadership behavior (George Manning, 2007). â€Å"Behavior leadership theories assume that there are distinctive actions that effective leaders take† (Kent Curtis, 2007). There is an assessment named Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire (LBDQ) which is known by others being developed by Ralph Stogdill and others at Ohio State University (William J, 2007). This questionnaire separated the leader’s behavior in to two dimensions which are Initiating structure and Showing Consideration. The former means the leader mostly will consider the relationship between themselves and their staff. The later means the leader would like to develop trust, respect, support, and friendship with subordinates. (George Manning, 2007) This paper will analyze the activities of Michael Dell by leadership trait theory because this theory is the basic theory of leadership even it is just focus on personality according to Zaccaro (2007). George Manning (2007) argued that there are 10 qualities that mark a leader and help influence the leadership process which are vision, ability, enthusiasm, stability, concern for others, self-confidence, persistence, vitality, charisma, and integrity. He explained that a good vision is the basic requirement for a leader due to that a good vision can enable the leader recognize what happened and what should do. First of all Michael Dell was born on February 25th, 1965 in Houston Texas. The way his story sounds reads like a business fairytale. He attended the University of Texas, he had nothing but an idea on his mind no way to fulfill it no money to fund it. He wanted to become a Doctor or to own his own little business his preference was an electronic store but like any other college student he had no money. One day he was sitting in his bedroom in his parent’s house, with an apple computer he got to thinking about the purchase of computers and that there was always a middleman and the extra cost of accessories. He started to take apart the Apple Computer to get acquainted to the heart of the computers. Then it dawned on him that he can sell computers directly to the customer without the unnecessary middleman so he can keep the production cost low. Accordingly, Dell sold PCs to customers directly and it also started to take phone orders. Michael Dell said his company was the first PC manufacturer who sold product to customers directly. Going direct has become the core competency of Dell Computer Corporation. Besides, Dell begun to change the way of store which is they created big-box computer stores. It means Dell will reduce lots of cost than other competitors. This simple ways will change Dell’s future. (Ram, 1997) Michael Dell had created a strategy which is the objective of Dell: to gain more profit. They needed to find a way to achieve this objective. He said when Dell move into the server field, â€Å"in the mid-1990s, our competitors’ services, while good product, were onerously and unjustifiably priced to subsidize other less profitable parts of their business. What emerged was an incredible opportunity to disable our competitor’s ability to gouge the market, while at the same time to grow our business in servers. This strategy was first evident when Dell took a look at all the PC retailers out there and decided to avoid them. My goal has always been to make sure that everyone at Dell feel they are a part of something great- perhaps something even greater than themselves. † Michael Dell is a CEO who knows how to delegate, and that means he relies on getting the best possible people in his organization. (Schlesinger, 2002) Michael Dell says: â€Å"I am often asked how we manage to maintain the attitude of a challenger, even as we continue to grow at record speeds. Culture is, by far, one of the most enigmatic facets of management that I have encountered. It is also one of the most important. Once a reporter asked me which of our competitors represented the biggest threat to Dell. I said the greatest threat to Dell wouldn’t come from a competitor. It would come from our people. † (Aldrich, 1990) To achieve a good business growth, Dell has been segmented in different parts. Michael Dell is quoted at 1000ventures. com as saying, â€Å"Pay attention to what your best people are achieving, and build an infrastructure that rewards mastery. The best way to keep the most talent people is to allow their jobs to change with them. † (Glancey, 1998) Dell’s innovation mostly relies on its partners. It helped Dell reduce cost and made him more nimbly. In terms of Dell’ own tech innovation, Michael Dell says the most important thing is to keep the research and development (RD) cost down. He also said â€Å"Unlike many of our competitors, we actually had an option: to buy components from the specialists, leveraging the investments they had already made and allowing us to focus on what we did best- designing and delivering solutions and systems directly to customers. † (Johannison, 2000) Dell grew rapidly due to its vision of the market. Michael Dell says: â€Å"Planning is one of those areas where experience counts as much as intellect. When you’re trying to grow a new business, it’s hard to anticipate the ups and downs of business cycles that you’ve actually never experienced before. † (Jones, 2003) â€Å"Dell has grown fast enough to make it clear that you cannot expect to do everything yourself. In the end, you have to delegate responsibility†, Michael Dell says: â€Å"For any company to succeed, it’s critical for top management to share power successfully. You have to be focused on achieving goals for the organization, not on accumulating power for yourself. † What he said is true that he had made Kevin Rollins to be CEO after his words. (Gibb, 1999) However, global finance crisis brought problems to Dell. When Dell CEO Michael S. Dell and President Kevin B. Rollins met privately in the fall of 2001, they felt confident that the company was recovering from the global crash in PC sales. Their own personal performances, however, was another matter. Internal interviews revealed that subordinates thought Dell was impersonal and emotionally detached, while Rollins was seen as autocratic and antagonistic. Few felt strong loyalty to the companys leaders. Worse, the discontent was spreading: A survey taken over the summer, following the companys first-ever mass layoffs, found that half of Dell Inc. s employees would leave if they got the chance. (Bloomberg Business week, 2003)

Financing needs of Cyrus Brown Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Financing needs of Cyrus Brown - Essay Example C. Consequently, Cyrus Brown Manufacturing will not need any minimum or maximum line of credit since the future prospects are positive. The only reason why external financing or line of credit might be needed is extraordinary events that might result in cash outflow. D. The first conclusion that can be made on the nature of the company is the seasonality of the products sold by the company, since one can see a rise in sales with the culmination in September alongside with the downfall in October and November. Another issue that should be considered when analyzing the financial situation of the company is the lump-sump payments made in June and September. While the ending monthly cash balance changes independent of the amount of sales, when considering the payments made in June and September, the increase in ending cash balance would be gradual and logical. Thus, when keeping in mind these two major issues, there is no reason to doubt financial situation of Cyrus Brown Manufacturing. E. It would be profitable for a bank to have Cyrus Brown Manufacturing as a client.

Writing For An Exam Essay - Get The Answers For Your Professor

Writing For An Exam Essay - Get The Answers For Your ProfessorYou've heard of his teacher and you want to take his exam and with this you need to write an effective exam essay. If you don't know anything about the subject, it's time to find out more. Wake Tech has a guide for you to ace your test and this is a good thing.It's been recommended that Europe, Africa and Asia are the most famous areas for writing an exam essay. This is because these subjects give a very specific type of requirement for you to get an AB grade. Wake Tech is a software designed to help you prepare for the exam, while improving your writing skills. So, firstly you need to find out what these subjects are.It is a world of massive cultures and is shaped by every element known to man. There are many countries, with diverse social conditions and lifestyles. With a little research you will discover the kind of environment you need to write an exam essay.Germany is one of the best places to go, because there are ma ny different varieties of people. You can see how different they think, which is different from your own thought. The pace of life is very fast here, so there are hardly any days in which you won't be able to sleep.In Europe you have the UK, France, Belgium, Holland, Denmark, Italy, Luxembourg, Austria, Switzerland, Poland, Portugal, Iceland, Spain, Poland, Cyprus, Malta, Lithuania, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Romania, Portugal, Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo. Each of these countries has its own culture and does have their own individual set of traits. The environment they live in is similar to that of the U.S.A.The Scandinavian nations are known as the lands of giants, which makes them the dominant world power, but the same can be said about the other countries in Europe. And the biggest nation of the world is the United States of America. The majority of the population is made up of Hispanic people. So, w hen you are preparing for your exam you need to be aware of the classifications of the topic you are working on.The Wake Tech program is used by many professional exam writers and has proved to be an effective tool. The best thing about this software is that you can use it anytime you need a quick set of papers for your own purpose. Take the opportunity and find out more about the program.

The UK and European Package Holiday Markets Essay

The UK and European Package Holiday Markets - Essay Example The UK and European Package Holiday Markets According to a 2004 Survey conducted by MORI, although the Internet’s search Engines was used for gathering data about Travels and holidays, comparatively fewer people actually used Internet facilities for booking their holiday trips online. what needs to be emphasized is that e-commerce serves only to offer connectivity between the service-provider and the customer. The use of the Internet, by itself, does not guarantee package holiday bookings or ticket sales. Only by creating and sustaining a strong online branding can the travel agencies hope to compete sauccessfully in this market Effective marketing strategies along with knowledge base ,combined with the use of effective use of technology would be a winning cocktail.for success. Personalized websites hoisted by the various travel agents and tour operators would ensure steady business prospects and future growth of this industry. As a result of the fact that the travel and tourism industry has been the single largest beneficiary of products and services sold over the Internet, more and more companies plan to expand their Internet sales strategic goals and objectives by harnessing the use of internet for online booking of Hotel reservations, Conducted tours, Visa formalities and other matters connected with international tourism to cater to the online travel market and reap the advantages of online connectivity.† The Percentage of Travel Research done online before a purchase is now over 74%†.

Research Papers Saint Francis of Assisi Reviews & Guide

Research Papers Saint Francis of Assisi Reviews & Guide Class participation in a certain field trip over consecutive years does not signify this trip is getting a school tradition. All grades don't always have exactly the same number of field trips. Permission from a teacher is obligatory for individual equipment for PE. We are extremely pleased with our preschool and students. A student who doesn't have a permission slip won't be permitted to go on the trip. Tuition accounts have to be current by the previous week of the trimester as a way to be enrolled in the subsequent trimester. It's almost always a pleasant experience whenever I come here, while it's for masses, weddings, or baptisms. It's also observed in places like the United Kingdom and Australia. Come for all or a few of the events... just be certain to come! The audio Director has a lovely voice. Put your vehicle in reverse, a little child might have gotten behind your automobile. If medication changes between times, parents are required to notify the school. Children are not permitted to use different children's medication supply even should they use the exact same medications. Your son or daughter will interact with their peers, together with learn responsibility. If you own a child with special needs, we've got a selection of methods to incorporate them in the overall classroom. He is a superb role model for our present materialistic status. In vitro fertilization isn't the only means to receive stem cells. Aborted fetuses are likewise a source of stem cells. My place for Sunday services, since it's right down the street from me. Inclement weather makes a greater level of difficulty on the street, sidewalks and parking lot. If you would like to renew or desire to have a really good new candle lit, or for more info, call 972-227-2682. The end doesn't justify the means. The front part of the school office entrance is meant for 5-minute parking. Soon they'll be covered in brick. Initially, I thought they were extra padding for those seats or something. Reserved seating can be found at the front. I was shocked to discover that the inside was packed like it was opening day at the new Raider's stadium though the parking lot wasn't full. It's located on a tiny little hill and parking can be somewhat hard to find in the event you get there at the incorrect moment. Using Research Papers Saint Francis of Assisi You do not have to seek out sources on the web. Nor were services held on a normal schedule. We're the top essay writing services that gives quality papers for a fair price. On our site, you can order many assignments. Your parish or local library could have a subscription. Please contact the particular needs coordinator or see the bulletin for more details. In case you have any questions or need assistance please don't be afraid to get in touch with the Parish office. There is a vast selection of options in Church ministry for people that have the ideal qualifications. Over the span of time, the brotherhood increased in dimension and numbers and eventually became what's referred to as the Orders of Friars Minor (the very first order), more commonly referred to as the Franciscans. He made those principles the basis of the purchase. In addition, he taught me how important it's to share that which we have. Talking back and arguing isn't acceptable. I must change my life, but don't know where to start. Children will be encouraged to use suitable language whatsoever times. I've been here many times! Also in this time, he'd later report, he started to get visions from God. An 11th-century French prayer is comparable to the very first portion of the Peace Prayer. At the start of each school year, or whenever a kid joins St. Francis of Assisi Catholic School, parents are requested to submit a youngster's medical record through Sycamore. I've been to this church on and off for a couple decades now. This has been my go-to church for the past few years. Paul began the recollection in the church. St. Francis' full life experience is 1 approach to show Christians about residing in the spirit. Now bear in mind they have not built the real Church just yet. If you are searching for a Catholic church in the Southwest look no more!

Essay Template Writer at a Glance

Essay Template Writer at a Glance The Essay Template Writer Game To acquire the idea of writing a profile essay, you will have to read the works of men and women who have written successful essays. The good thing is you don't need to compose a new outline each time you compose a new essay. Occasionally it just helps to observe how others have tackled essays before. No wonder it's as critical as writing the essay itself. Searching for the very best essay templates are able to help you start up your writing endeavor. Regardless of what essay topic you were given, our essay generator will have the ability to finish your essay easily. An essay template makes it possible to define the aim of your essay and stay with it. A well-designed essay outline template will certainly help you in producing an impactful essay. A persuasive essay is like an argumentative essay. Before you may commence writing a cohesive essay, you will need to understand precisely what it is and what it requires to be prosperous. An analytical essay is written to analyze this issue from an essential viewpoint. An argumentative essay is a sort of essay that presents either side of the topic that you're exploring. After the overview section, next section should consist of background and history of the issue that should be explored. You have to upload the chart and your paragraph to obtain full-credit. If you would like more such templates, then inform us through the comment section. The very first thing you ought to do to be able to form a productive outline is to highlight or underline the essential terms and words you see in the directions. If you don't have an excellent template or outline structure, there are tons of good alternatives available throughout the web, so look there! Stick to the directions provided and make certain you use the appropriate style and technique. Here's What I Know About Essay Template Writer In the event you're indecisive to pay a person to compose your essay, explore other facets of our websites or contact our support team for any extra guidelines. You will also have to have a good deal of knowledge regarding your topic as you will want to learn how to distinguish relevant data from irrelevant one. Choose resources based on the subject you desire to write about. Reading resources are offered in libraries and internet platforms. The War Against Essay Template Writer Just like there are various forms of essay writing, there are unique types of outlines available for it too. The forms of the essays are contingent on the purpose they are being written for. A cohesive essay is a critical sort of composition that should be understood by writers by the time they finish their very first year in college. It does not have a set number of paragraphs. The Nuiances of Essay Template Writer Each paragraph needs to have a topic sentence and no more than 1 idea. Formally, it helps the writer to categorize the major idea and idea, to organize a paragraph into an essay and to make sure each paragraph with each concept is completely organized and developed. The conclusion shouldn't be lengthy. It is made up of a few sentences wrapping up your essay. Do not be hesitant to speak to us every minute prior to your deadline is priceless. However tough your deadlines are, we will assist you. A 1 hour essay deadline may be true problem, if you're not good enough at writing and expressing your ideas on a topic you aren't really interested in. You only have to make sure your essay is well structured and it has a point you're attempting to convey to the reader. When writing about an instance of a profile essay about someone who's not well known include enough details that will enable your reader to acquire an idea about what you're presenting. In a case of personality profile essay, you may use a brief story or a conversation. You develop an answer and explain why you're right.

Intention to Leave Among Private Sectors Workers in Malaysia Essay Example for Free

Intention to Leave Among Private Sectors Workers in Malaysia Essay Although, there is no standard framework for understanding the employees turnover process as whole, a wide range of factors have been found to be useful in interpreting employee turnover (Kevin MM, 2004). High turnover rate at any organizations levels constitutes a waste of human resources (Newstorm, 1994). Manager of Human Resource Department need to pay more attention regarding this issues. They need to identify the main sources of employee turnover; is it because of the company’s management or the workers itself. Private sector workers change their job more frequent as compared to government servants. Job nature and working environment plays an important role in influencing employee’s intention to leave. Currently there are numbers of studies looking at the relationship between turnover intention and job satisfaction. However the findings are different between each other’s. So we tend to investigate what actually influence people intention to leave the organization. Instead to identify the relationship between job satisfaction with intention to leave we also investigate is there any relationships between demographic factors (age, year of service and education level) towards intention to leave. The main objective of this study is to examine the factors associated with intention to leave among private sector workers. The primary focus of this study is to identify the major factors related with the intention to leave. The factors may help the Human Resource Department to solve this employer issues by making some changes or improvement in the organization. In other point, this research can be used by others researcher in order to investigate this problem. Human Resource Department also can have the information regarding on what workers want totally. So, HR Department may choose the best strategies or solutions in order to reduce workers turnover rate. 1. 2 Problem Statement In the era of globalization, turnover is a persistent problem in organizations and it is common in every type and size of organization and at every organizational level. Staff turnover is a serious issue especially in the field of human resources management. It is very costly for an organizational and the cost is due to termination, advertising, recruitment, selection, and hiring (Abbasi, Hollman, K. W. , amp; Hayes, R. D. , 2008). It is simply said that the level of job satisfaction of an employee could decline when his or her colleague left the company. This is true because the remaining employees may have to take over the job responsibilities of the previous worker in the case that the management has not find any replacement yet. The workload could be doubled; the stress level might increase thus affecting health conditions and also job performance. It is widely believe that in today’s working environment, job satisfaction has been the main factor to retain employees from leaving an organization. Many research also found that when job satisfaction is achieved by each employees, it could increase the level of job commitment towards task given or in other words; reduce the number of intention to leave among workers. To find out whether it is true that job satisfaction has significant effect on intention to leave among private sector workers, questionnaires has been distributed to ask the respondents how they feel working with the current organization. The elements that we tried to focus on are towards job challenge, supervision, income, and promotion. Besides that we would like to see how demographic factors such as age, year of services and educational level could influence one’s decision to quit a job. 1. 3 Research Questions There are many studies on the relationship between turnover intention and job satisfaction but the results are difference between each other’s. So we tend to investigate what actually influence people intention to leave the organization frequently. The research question for this study has been identified as follows: 1. Do job satisfaction factors have relationship with intention to leave? 2. Do demographic factors (age, year of service and education level) have relationship with intention to leave? 3. Which variables (Job Challenge, Supervision, Income or Promotion) are the strongest factors that might influence intentions to leave? 1. 4 Research Objectives The main objective of this study is to examine the factors associated with intention to leave among private sector workers. Generally this study is intended to measure whether job satisfaction is related to intention to leave. Therefore in order to answer the research question above, the following research objectives were formulated. 1. To identify the relationship between job satisfaction and intention to leave among private sector workers. 2. Do demographic factors (age, years of service and education level have relationships with intention to leave. 3. Which variables strongly related with intention to leave? 1. 5 Significance of Study The primary focus of this study is to identify the major factors related with the intention to leave. The factors may help the Human Resource Department to solve this employer issues by making some changes or improvement of the organization. In other point, this research can be used by others researcher in order to investigate this problem. Human Resource Department also can have the information regarding on what workers want totally. So, HR Department may choose the best strategies or solutions in order to reduce workers turnover rate. 1. 6 Definition of Terms 1. 6. 1 Job Satisfaction According to (Graham, 1982) job satisfaction is a measurement of one’s total feelings and attitudes towards one’s job. Job satisfaction is the main predictor of turnover intention (Milkovich amp; Boudreau, 1997). While (Hoppock, 1935) defined job satisfactions as a combination of psychological, physiological and environmental circumstances. Job satisfaction is attributed not only to one but many factors and varies in its impact on individuals’ satisfaction with life because work varies in importance from individual to individual (Nash, 1985). (Wong, 1989) Who did a research on impact of job satisfaction on intention to change jobs among secondary school teachers in Hong Kong. (Wong, 1989) Find that when the teachers’ have low job satisfaction then they will have low commitment and productivity. So, before the things become worse, Human Resource Manager needs to overcome this situation to prevent company loss. They should alert as one of the major company’s success come from employees. 1. 6. 2 Intention to Leave According to (Noor amp; Maad, 2008) intentions to leave are positively related with actual leaving. Intention can be defines as the most immediate determinants of actual behavior and practical value as one people have actually implemented the behavior to quit (Ajzen amp; Fishbein, 1980). Intention to leave the organization has been studied over several decades which in turn contributed to the findings of the positive and negative aspects of turnover (Mossholder, Bedeian, Norris, Giles, amp; Feild, 1988). Managers and researchers consider turnover as a problem because of costs associated with it (Noor amp; Maad, 2008) and difficulties that organizations face in the recruitment and retention of proficient employees (Villanueva amp; Djurkovic, 2009) and (Igbaria amp; Greenhaus, 1992). CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2. 0 Introduction Recent research identifies a number of factors that increase the vulnerability of the young, adolescent girls in particular, including orphan hood, migration, forced sexual initiation, and the effects of residence. . 1 Turnover Intention A turnover intention is defined as employees to leave the organization voluntarily without being force by the management. According to (Liu, Liu, J. X. , amp; Hu, J. , 2010), reputation on organization might reduce and damage when their turnover rate is shown upward rate beside that the cost for recruiting a new employee will involve cost to the organization and company expenses also increase. Besides that, cost of employees tu rnover are hard to measure but can be control by organization. In addition, higher rate of turnover will cause the organization lose the high degree of knowledge, skill and abilities. In addition, turnover intention is a problem that needs to be solved by human resources and organization management. The organization need to solve the problem of turnover as soon as possible because it may diminishes the organization knowledge capital and weakens its reputation. The better the person fit the organization will lead to higher satisfaction, the organizational commitment and rate of turnover intention will be lower. 2. 1. 1 Relationship between job satisfaction with intention to leave Different individual will have different job satisfaction of needs in their life. Job satisfaction can be described as to what extent to which people or individuals satisfaction or dissatisfaction in their job. Job satisfaction is a general or global affective reaction that individual hold about their jobs. Job satisfaction among workers can be increase and creates by the organization. Job satisfaction facets may be including co-workers, salary, job condition, supervision, nature of the work and can be benefit that the employee received during their operation. According to research done by (Saari amp; Judge, 2004) shown that dissatisfied employees are more likely to quit their job or be absent compare than satisfaction employees. Job satisfaction will influence the performance of the employees in the organization. Most of the dissatisfaction employees tend to shown withdrawal behavior such as lateness, absenteeism, moving to other department and worst they will turnover or make a decision to retire. In addition, the research suggests that job satisfaction does effect life satisfaction but life satisfaction also effects job satisfaction (Judge amp; Watanabe, 1994). Consistent relationship between job satisfactions with depression and influence the employees to let go the job. This research also concludes that organization had so much control on creating and increasing the job satisfaction among their employees. This is because job satisfaction is only a result of spillover of their life satisfaction but if the company less pay attention on low job satisfaction, the organization can see the effectiveness of job performance of the employees reduce and the lead to absent and quitting the job. Intention to leaving the organization is an emotional state and designated as the degree of likelihood an employee will remain employed with an organization (Currivan, 1999). The research is on intention to leave by employees analyzed that there is a causal relationship between job satisfaction and employee turnover and found an inverse relationship. In addition, a studies by (Joel, 2004) found that they is a relationship between job satisfactions with intention to leave but this is not a strong affect as economic condition reasons. Besides that, job satisfaction is a positive or negative attitude the employee has toward his or job or some specific aspect of the job. It is can be consider as internal state of mind of an individual. If the feeling of job satisfaction is positive or the respond is active, then the member is satisfied and vice versa ( Ying, Ching amp; Rong, 2009). Other research from (Pascal, 2011), shown that Job satisfaction fully mediated the relationship between perceived stressful work and intention to leave the employer. The results highlight the importance of employee job satisfaction in stressful environments. . 1. 2 Relationship between demographic factor with intention to leave In this study, we would like to determine relationship between demographic factors such as year of service, education level, age, and years of services and so on toward intention to leave the job. A research done by (Samad, 2006) founded that age, income and tenure of services by employees had a negative effect on turnover intention by employees. Empirical studies indicate that demographic variables are relevant with turnover intentions (William amp; Hazer, 1986). Age, income and tenure are identified as negatively related to turnover intentions although the effects of employee demographic variables on turnover intentions may differ in different international environment, empirical research in international context including in Malaysia is scanty. Some studies have found no significant relationship between gender and correctional turnover for example (Byrd, 2000). However, (Camp, 1994) found that female federal correctional employees were more likely to quit than were male staffs. This research was done for US employees. Furthermore, research done by (Eric, 2006) found that female employees had higher rate of intention to leave the organization compare than male employees. In contrast, research done by Aaron (1999) found that there is a weak relationship between tenure of service with intention to leave the organization. He found that, longer tenure of services of employees will get respect by others employees and normally known is senior but due to age and condition their intention to leave is low. CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHOD 3. 0 Introduction The purpose of this chapter is to describe the research design and methodology used in this research. We will outline the research framework to provide a better understanding towards how the research is done and how the data is being analyzed. 4. 1 Research Framework and Hypotheses This research looks at the cause and effect of job satisfaction on intention to leave between employees in private organizations. Basically four criteria has been define to be the independent variables in this study; Job Challenge, Supervision, Income and Promotion. The second independent variable that has been concerned is the demographic characteristics which include age, year of services and education level of selected respondents. The dependent variables in this study would be employees’ intention to leave. This can be drawn as per Figure 1 below: INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Job Satisfaction * Job Challenge * Supervision * Income * Promotion * DEPENDENT VARIABLES Intention to Leave Demographic Characteristics * Age * Year of Services * Education Level Figure 1: Research Framework 3. 2 Hypothesis Statement Based on previous study, in order to explain the concept of these research three hypotheses has been outlined to be the antecedent of the statement: H1: There is significant relationship between job satisfaction and intention to leave H2: There is significant relationship between demographic factors and intention to leave H3: There is significant influence of job satisfaction factors to intention to leave H4: There is significant influence of demographic factors to intention to leave 3. 3 Research Design This research is intended to lo look at the relationship between Job Satisfaction and the Intention to leave by private sector workers.