The Face Of Nursing Career - 1454 Words

Whether you have been practicing for many years or are just beginning your nursing career, you can see that the face of nursing is in transition. Due to rapidly advancing technology, greater autonomy within our field and healthcare reform, many changes are ahead for our profession. These changes are seen in every arena of nursing, whether that is in the hospital, long term care, non-profit or nurse-managed health clinics and give us a peek at what the future of nursing will be like. Patient care is evolving and nurses require a higher skill set to effectively treat such a diverse population (Models, 2010). In response to this need, educational institutes are encouraged to modify and expand loan forgiveness programs and increase the number of grants awarded to nurses furthering their education. The skills that were once needed for new nurses have dramatically changed over the past few years. We must do everything in our power to ensure new nurses are prepared to enter the workforce ca pable of handling their immense responsibilities (Hendren, 2010). The projected nursing shortage will severely impact patients across the United States and law makers are scrambling to find a solution to the problem. Patient care delivery models are changing across the board, these changes will likely affect us all, and regardless of the area we each practice in. Nurse practitioners will soon be able to practice independent of a physician, which can only mean the role of Registered Nurse willShow MoreRelatedNurse Interview Essay845 Words   |  4 PagesTheoretical Foundation for Nursing Roles and Practice NUR-502 May 23, 2012 Masters-Prepared Nurse Interview With the rapid growth in the implementation and use of electronic medical records, there is an increase in how we define the role of nurses and other team member’s (Deese amp; Stien, 2004). Along with providing optimal care, nurses are also responsible for interpreting and accurately documenting large amounts of information. According to, (Ericksen, 2009) nursing informatics is definedRead MoreThe Male Minority Of Nursing Essay1464 Words   |  6 Pages The Male Minority in Nursing Jenny Nye Professor Hylton Introduction to Professional Nursing 9/29/16 Abstract Nursing is a predominantly female ruled field. Up until modern time, male nurses were practically unheard of and frowned upon. Even presently there is a stigma that comes with being a man who is a nurse. This paper was written with the intention of bringing attention to the minority that males are in the field of nursing and show that while career fields are becoming more genderRead MoreNursing Is An Excellent Career Choice1285 Words   |  6 Pagesacknowledgement. However, he or she is always there with a smile on her or his face, prepared to help at a moment’s notice. Before one chooses a career in nursing, it is always important to know that even though nursing is not for everyone, nursing is one of the most honorable and satisfying professions an individual can pursue. Additionally it gives individuals rewarding financial benefits. Nursing is an excellent career choice, where an individual acquires great gratitude while attending to othersRead MoreMy Life Of Becoming A Nurse1533 Words   |  7 Pagescollege. One problem stood in my way though. I had no idea what career I wanted to pursue. I was planning on attending York College, because of the central location, but with no direction as to what major in. On this day, I finally realized that I wanted to be a nurse. Throughout my college career, I have faced countless challenges, that helped shape me as an individual. I believe that both my negative and positive experience as a Pre- Nursing Student at York College, has molded and developed my outlookRead MorePursuing A Career Or Job1667 Words   |  7 PagesBeing able to pursue a career or job that you find passion in is a beautiful thing. We as individuals in modern society have the ability to choose whatever we want to be in life. As a society, we are okay with individuals going for careers as long as they â€Å"fall in line† with their gender. Usually, men go for jobs where they are able to show their masculinity, strength, or love for automobiles. For example, if a man pursues a job in the automobile, constructions, or sports then everything is okayRead MoreEssay about Emotional Cost of Being a Nurses1413 Words   |  6 Pagesas most of the other persons working in different fields. Just like one of the pioneer nurses in the name of Clara Barton showed a whole different perspective to nursing in the past. The situation that she faced made her famous during her days and to some extent, the dedication she showed is what inspired many more people to join nursing. She volunteered to care for those who were wounded during the civil war using medical supplies that she personally developed under the time span of a whole yearRead MoreMy First Sight Of Amber Pithakoti1241 Words   |  5 Pagesregarding his career. He could take his time at the church to tell the congregation on a ny matter arising regarding current health care issues, and what is expected of everyone. This triggered my urge to interview him regarding nursing as a profession and job, and learn what it entails to be an RN. Information generated from interviewing a professional is a great tool for bringing up a good RN. 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Looking back, Liz remembers all of the struggles she has had along the way, but recognizes that each one has only brought her closer to where she wants toRead MoreNursing As A Career1568 Words   |  7 PagesPrice, Hall, Angus and Peter (2013) â€Å"Nursing is described as a beautiful, rewarding and motivating career followed with an acknowledgement that nurses are underappreciated.† (p.7) Nursing is a profession that is organized and abides by a code of ethics where the individual is expected to honour these implementations. Nurses spend their career saving and promoting life and one of the most significant parts of being a nurse is to be a patient advocate. Nursing students tend to frequently enter theirRead MoreJean Watson s Theory Of Caring On Nursing1285 Words   |  6 PagesJean Watson’s Theory Of Caring On Nursing Introduction Nursing is an age-old profession and while it has advanced over the years, many aspects have stayed the same. There are many great and influential nurses who have changed the face of nursing over the years. Contributions to change and better the way nurses practice have helped today’s nurses advance to an unmatched skill level. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the meaning and development of nursing regarding Jean Watson’s theory of

Addiction As A Dependence On Substance Or Behavior Essay

What exactly is an addiction? It is common to hear an individual say they are addicted to something without fully knowing or understanding the definition of addiction. Addiction can be described as a dependence on a substance or behavior which affects the physical, psychological and emotional wellbeing in an individual (What is addiction?, n/a). The trouble with everyday addictions such as: cell phones, drugs, and gambling, affect people’s everyday life and lives of their loved ones dramatically. Almost everyone has come encounter with a cell phone whether it is a smart phone or just a basic cell phone. It was found that the use of smartphones is about nine hours out the day for college students. Individuals who cannot go without their cell phones or also known as being addicted to cell phones have the same symptoms a drug addict might have. According to James Robert, â€Å"Certain people use smartphones to lift their moods. And it may take more and more time on those phones to provide the same level of enjoyment.† Robert even says, â€Å"They feel as if when their battery dies or losing their phone can cause an anxiety or panic attack.† There was a study that asked college students how many hours they spent on their cellphones during a day. â€Å"I spend more time than I should on my cell phone,† said one such statement. â€Å"I get agitated when my cell phone is not in sight,† said another. The trouble with being addicted to a cellphone is it interferes with normal activities and canShow MoreRelatedAddiction: a Three Part Disease1072 Words   |  5 PagesWright, M.A. English 1301-Composition M-W 1:30 pm – 2:50 pm Ricardo Ballinas Addiction: A Three Part Disease October 1st, 2012 Sue Wright Addiction: A Three Part Disease Addiction can be separated into three categories: mind (neurological), body (physical), and spirit (psychological). Within in this breakdown addiction can possibly be explained and properly understood. In order to better understand addiction as a disease as opposed to a moral dilemma it first must be broken down. FirstRead MoreDrug Profile Paper1105 Words   |  5 Pages This paper will illustrate several aspects of how drugs affect our lives. Addiction philosophies including the psychology and physiology will be explained in an attempt to describe how drugs affect our bodies both physically and mentally. Secondly, different drug categories types will be covered including: stimulants, depressants, narcotics, hallucinogens, and cannabis. Each of these categories has different addiction potentials and effect levels including withdrawal symptoms. Finally, the abuseRead MoreThe Effects Of Internet On The Internet1520 Words   |  7 Pagessociety. With the Internet becoming such a used tool, many people have grown dependent on the Internet for their daily lives. 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The Online Dating Question To Lie or Not to Lie free essay sample

April 30, 2012 To Lie or Not to Lie? The Online Dating Question As one generation passes to the next, the way singles find partners changes, now it is changing from traditional dating to online dating. Online dating has become increasingly widespread and tends to be the future trend. People are more likely to use dating websites than traditional dating, because they can meet numerous people in a straightforward way. Parents start worrying about their childrens future partners on dating websites. Yet, they do not know what suggestion to give as the method of communication changes drastically from real life interaction to using the omputer and Internet. To be an honest person is what people learn when they are young. Now, the situation is altered such that parents should teach their children strategically when meeting people on dating websites. Through dating websites, people can keep having a close relationship without seeing each other directly. We will write a custom essay sample on The Online Dating Question: To Lie or Not to Lie? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But, the technology barriers promote people to lie about their personal information. Lying on dating websites becomes a more and more common phenomenon. People are taught to be honest, but lying on small points can help people succeed in finding a date online. One study explains telling truth is the most important thing people should do when they communicate because the trust is the foundation of building interpersonal relationships (Davis). No one likes to be deceived. When people find out about a lie, they will be really disappointed and suspicious to everyone. Davis also points out a problem: that many daters face a similar difficulty: telling truth to their date. People are more likely to show their best to online daters, so they will hide some of their weaknesses and bad qualities. Therefore, their profile information is lways misrepresentative. It will lead to some harmful effects due to the fragile new relationship. Even though telling truth is extremely important, people still lie to each other. While the population of online daters increases as the time passes, the deception also increases. With higher statistics, 86% of online daters misrepresent their physical appearances and 46% online daters misrepresent their ages (Gibbs, Ellison, and Heino). There are various characteristics demonstrating how the dating websites cause individuals to hide their weaknesses. Through the research, physical ppearance, photographs, height, faith and religious beliefs are the most common characteristics people deceive others about. The research shows that many people post photos that are from several years ago or the time before they gain weight (Wagner). Another research study displays a similar idea: people also edit their photos through computer software (Hancock and Toma). For women, they are likely to upload the best version of their photos which might not look the exactly the same as in their real life. But, others will think there is a difference between the photo and eal people. One participant responds, Real chemistry is made in person (Wagner). If you really want to know the person, you should meet him or her in face to face. People Just see themselves ditterently as others do. Participants rate their own photos as accurate while others rate them less accurate (Hancock and Toma). While some do not have precise perceptions of their own characteristics, other people do it on purpose. For example, many shorter men tend to lie about their height for adding one or two inches. The authors suggest that participants were aware of the naccuracies in their profiles and that the discrepancies were most likely intentional (Toma, Hancock, and Ellison). No woman wants to be old, so some of them will lie about their age by posting a younger age. Sometimes, women cannot put accurate information about their body shape; they can only choose thin, average, fat or obese even if their and others perceptions of them do not match (Wagner). In addition, some people lie by omission and Just do not post their weaknesses on their profile (Wagner). Even though they do not lie directly, their behavior is still dishonest. Overall, those white lies do not really hurt other peoples feelings. They Just let individuals better present themselves. Some deceptions are more damaging because the lies are too big. As people tend to misrepresent themselves too much through various deceptive characteristics, they are more likely to destroy their online dating relationships. One participant angrily told her story going on a date with a she went on a man whose profile said he was 6 feet tall and his profile photo showed he had a full head of hair. When she met him in person, he was only 5 feet 3 inches and alding (Wagner). In this condition, the man lied too much that it was unacceptable for any women. In the study, most observed deceptions are slight; however, there are still a few extreme cases. In the extreme sample, people lie 3 inches in height, 35 pounds in weight, and 11 years in age (Toma, Hancock, and Ellison). Another participant was surprised as she found out several men who were lying about their relationship status because they were bored of their married life (Wagner). In this kind of situation, the lie is not small anymore. This will contribute to the unhappiness f a whole family. Although lying extremely about weight, age, personality, lifestyle is worse, lying about relationship status is the worst. Those significant lies cause a negative effect of online daters not believing others easily online. From the above information, we can see men and women misrepresent their profile differently, which is because they have opposite desires and preferences. A study with over 5,000 online daters reveals that men are more likely to misrepresent their personal assets, age and relationship goals, whereas women are more likely to misrepresent their eight (Hall et al. ). No matter in real life or on the Internet, women are continually on a diet. Because men prefer thinner dates, women lie more about their weight. As men get older, they start looking for younger dates who are regarded as more attractive (Hall et al. . In order to fulfill mens desires, older women are more likely to lie and say that they are a few years younger so that they have more chances to meet similarly aged men. For young women, they like to find someone who is ofa similar age as they are. Conversely, females do not really focus on males weight. They seek males who are taller and have more resources, like money and hous ing (Hall et al. ). For the sake of letting women to have more opportunities to search shorter mens profiles, men over-report their height by a few centimeters taller. These are the ways men and women misrepresent themselves differently. People would not lie when nothing motivates them. Although the percentage of online deception is high, people do not always intend to do that. Individuals attempt to describe themselves in an idealized future version with an inclination to project a version of self that was ttractive, successful, and desirable (Ellison, Heino, and Gibbs). Due to a large variety of motivations, online daters are more likely to deceive each other. To attract potential dates is reported as the most common motivation (Wagner). All the online daters want more people interested in them, so they try very hard to express positive images of themselves. Some participants respond that nobody will list their negative qualities on their profiles; otherwise no one will be willing to talk to them. Other participants say they do not want to seem like a stereotype so they choose do not rink in stead of several drinks a week (Wagner). In order to make a good first impression, people choose to deceive some points. Moreover, people deceive about their profiles because they want to be like the descriptions they write about. After lying about their profiles, participants have better intentions to be the person they like. Another reason that motives people to lie is to avoid being weeded out by other daters searches (Wagner). When someone is looking for men whose height is above 5 feet 9 inches, 5 feet 8 inches men will never have chance to show their profiles to women. Its not big deal to lie only about one inch because it can increase the rate to find a potential date. The last motivations people are dishonest about safety. People feel insecure to inform others of their exact locations when they know each other in a short time. Misleading others allows individuals to be safe and have the chance to manage the boundary between themselves and their relational partners (Cole). Also, it is likely that individuals uncomfortable with intimacy use deception to keep others at a safe distance (Cole 112). No matter how, our safety is the most important thing. Before knowing someone very well, everyone should not tell other people about their important information. Some people are Just too clingy that you cannot tell them where you live; otherwise, they might stalk you. In order to protect oneself, it is reasonable to lie about private things. In general, people all have many motivations to deceive: to attract potential dates, to show attractive physical appearance, and to make a good impression. When online daters find out their potential mates dishonesty, some of them are willing to overlook some deceptive statements; some are not willing to do so. It depends on how big the lie is. People who are unable to overlook deception have a strong belief in the importance of honesty in a loving relationship. In contrast, people, who do not care about slight embellishment, are more willing to overlook small deceptive characteristics. Lying slightly about hobbies, height and weight are acceptable. One participant says she is willing to look past slight weight or height variations because none of those are important to her (Wagner). These online daters seem to know peoples desire to attract potential partners and leave others an attractive impression. Accordingly, they regard white lies with lesser importance. Once, the discrepancies between the personal information and reality are too many, the new romantic relationships will be completely destroyed. No matter how, participants still believe the online dating is a successful method that brings two people to a couple (Wagner). If dating websites do not work for some singles, they will still work for other singles who can accept small deceptions. Deception in online dating environment causes different effects to the romantic relationships. It can be negative, neutral, or positive. Many people claim that their deceptions do not attect their relationships online because they balance their misrepresentative information with accurate photos (Wagner). When online daters post full body-length images, people can compare their personal information with their pictures. Even if the online dater lists herself as average, people can still judge her body shape by themselves. Furthermore, one participant shared her experience with a man who used a little white lie to impress her. She didnt find out the truth until they married. Yet, deception did not hurt their relationships because he felt that was not bad to tell white lies (Wagner). So, deception has no effect in these kinds of situations. In addition, becoming an extreme honest person can be negative because it actually can harm the person himself/herself (Wagner). One participant shares her experience with one online dater who thinks she is deceptive at first, then realizes her personal description is accurate and then runs away. This really hurts one persons self-esteem. Due to the common deceptive phenomenon, many people think online daters are not exactly the same as their profiles describe nd online daters might be better than they describe themselves. Therefore, become a too honest person is not always a good thing. In the same way, becoming too dishonest will also harm the romantic relationships. When people misrepresent themselves too much, they will be unconfident when they meet their partners in person, because they do not want to disappoint the other person with who they are. Some people feel violated by the dating websites with numerous misleading profiles. For example, eHarmony does not indicate whether some people are married or not. Thus, eHarmony might mislead individuals to find the wrong partners (Wagner). As a result some online daters are not willing to use dating websites anymore. For those people who frequently lie to their dates, they experience less intimacy and closeness (Cole). People Just become more skeptical and cautious when they surfing dating websites. Without feeling love from online daters, the new fragile relationships will eventually end easily. In conclusion, to help children be successful in finding a partner on dating websites, parents can give some special advice of telling white lies. Online daters had better not be too honest or dishonest; otherwise they might get injured from online dating relationships.

The Effects of IT Outsourcing on Retail Companies

Introduction Information technology has changed the business processes tremendously. This technological revolution has transformed organizations and businesses such that transactions can be initiated and executed within the shortest span of time. The introduction of the Internet further contributed to the revolution with remote sites able to connect over the Internet and exchanging data, information, and currency.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on The Effects of IT Outsourcing on Retail Companies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The businesses that pioneered information technology quickly included this technology in their business processes. These developed into showcase models in information technology. The cost of implementing these technologies increased over time. As such an opportunity gave itself in which information technology service providers would offer tailored and business-oriented services to willin g businesses at a fee. This option was considered against the rising costs of setting up an IT department. It is this process of outsourcing that has taken the information technology age to the next level. Outsourcing has enabled businesses in need of technologically knowledgeable processes but lack the technical and human capacity to outsource such services and processes to technological experts at a stipulated cost (Pinnington and Woolcook 1999; Stakes 1995). Outsourcing has opened up frontiers in IT standardization, especially in the business world where these businesses can acquire IT services from third party organizations and as such benchmark their processes to the global standards. This study is specifically going to address the effects of information technology outsourcing among retail businesses in the United Kingdom. Background and research problem definition IT outsourcing has been around before the turn of the century. Indeed as more businesses discovered the need and a dvantages of including IT in their business processing, information technology became the most expensive form of technology then. However, in this a business opportunity arose where information technology astute organizations would lend out their technology by outsourcing to those businesses and organizations that had need then.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is during this period that businesses such as the British Steel turned to Gap Gemini to outsource their central management service (CMS) unit. British Steel has a workforce of about 50,000 with a turnover of more than 7000 million UK pounds (Brown and Wilson 2005; Linder, Cole and Jacobson, 2002). This company runs a central management services unit to provide exceptional IT support for the company’s finance, payroll, and human resources. CMS also covers some processes within the company’s operation al system. The British Steel case study is indicative that IT has brought with it special organizational need to ensure facility management. On acquiring new systems through business re-engineering, organizations often realize that they are not able to optimize these systems and therefore have minimal benefit. This is mainly caused by resistive organizational culture that offers little room for change to take place within the organization. Such organizations or businesses turn to outsource such processes to ensure to ensure the processes are carried out professionally and at exceptional standards because IT has a global scope. Therefore, British Steel just like many retail businesses in the United Kingdom turned to Cap Gemini a world class IT Company that the steel manufacturer outsourced about one third of its processes covered within their CMS. British Steel intention to outsource was to gain competitive advantage by maintaining high quality standards with more tahn 99% for key in dicators, establish perpetual improvement programs even through the British Steel business improvement program; ensuring a smooth transition of IT responsibilities with minimal disruption to the existing IT system, and safeguarding the interests of its workforce. Several years down the line, the British Steel management intimate that it is about the right IT that can help a company gain competitive advantage in the global market and to this company, outsourcing was the key. Research Questions The British Steel case is just one among the many cases that has experienced the benefits of, IT outsourcing considered a vital undertaking and has vast influence on the economies of countries over the world (Sullivan and Steven 2003).Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on The Effects of IT Outsourcing on Retail Companies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Retail businesses form an important stratum of the general business econo my. Retail businesses must have the capability to support evolutionary business processes as the customer needs continue to change. It is this flexibility that can enable such businesses to remain competitive. However, these technology changes come at a high cost of implementation. Faced with such a dilemma, retail businesses will undoubtedly resort to outsourcing to maintain competitive advantage. This research proposal therefore aims at studying the effects of outsourcing in IT and their effects on retail companies, especially in the UK. In so doing, the research will be guided the following main research questions: What are the factors that lead to IT outsourcing among retail companies? What are the effects of IT outsourcing among retail companies? What is the general trend among retail companies in the UK as concerns IT outsourcing? Upon answering the above research questions, a conclusion could be made on the relationship between IT outsourcing and retail companies (De Vaus 2 002). Recommendations will also be made after this study on the emerging retail business trends in the UK poised to benefit from IT outsourcing to establish competitive advantage. Research Objectives Based on the research questions, the research objectives can be derived. As stated earlier, the main aim of this research is to establish what effect IT outsourcing has on retail companies in the UK (Bryman and Bell 2007). This research focuses at clearly identifying the IT outsourcing processes with reference to retail business and how the two are related. This implies that the research objectives will include:- To determine reasons IT outsourcing is gaining attention among retail companies. To determine typical effects of IT outsourcing among retail companies in the UK. To determine the general IT outsourcing trends among retail companies in the UK. Literature review IT outsourcing continues to draw much attention from many scholars, academicians, professionals, and business experts . This has resulted in a continuous expanding knowledge base focusing on outsourcing and its effects on business processes. However, a review of most of these articles reveals that even though writers differ in some instances, the fact still remains that IT outsourcing has had a significant impact on retail companies all over the world (Jack 2009). This impact affects countries’ economies in many ways. In the article; How Outsourcing Affects the U.S. Economy, Hasan (2008) agrees that indeed outsourcing has brought with it a mixture of effects.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Some of the effects according to the articles have been beneficial, especially to retail business. The author notes that the dynamitic advantage that outsourcing brings with it has benefited retail industry because of cheap imports and subsequently stronger exports. It has also saved money for these companies. Gordijn (2002) concurs that the outsourcing process is currently considered as a positive contributor to any country’s economy. Research has shown that service jobs generate less income as compared to manufacturing jobs. In fact, the latter are considered as those responsible for creating the wealth in any nation. On the contrary, service jobs consume this wealth. Research findings further indicate that more businesses are currently depending on IT to gain the needed competitive edge. However, it is also true that information technology implementation, especially for a business critical process has a high price tag. As such, IT outsourcing puts the country’s econ omy on the line (Stern and El-Ansary 1992). The trend is not any different with retail companies that must adhere to the state of economy. The outsourcing practice can apply to nearly all types of business. This process is preferred by most business experts because it is considered cost effective. It has been statistically proven that outsourcing can result into reduced costs by between 50 and 60%. For instance, companies in Europe outsource up to $19 trillion spent on a daily basis on processes like sales and administration. Nevertheless, in Futurist (2011) review of literature, he states, â€Å"despite outsourcing being cost-effective, efficient, productive and strategic, it is also condemned as evil, money-grabbing, destructive, ruthless, exploiting the poor, destroying communities and nations† (Futurist 2011, p. 1). Futurist (2011) further asserts that outsourcing has compromised low-cost nations. This is evident with the increased migration from the high-earning nations to the compromised ones. This has led to labour shortages. China and India are a perfect example in this context (Outsource mag, 2011). These two nations, especially China, are experiencing close to 100% salary inflation, and India has been hit by an acute shortage of corporate leadership as a result of large-scale outsourcing. Some of the typical business processes that qualify to be outsourced to IT- oriented companies are those involving electronic data interchange (EDI). According to Fernie (1999), sending financial information is a vital undertaking for any business. However, the process is considered very sensitive. Retail companies continue to focus on electronic automation of such processes as invoicing, order processing dispatch, and other routine processes. Such processes will definitely require EDI to simplify trading cycles and accelerate transactions. However, based on the sensitive nature of the data and information handled by the EDI systems, the cost of their impleme ntation remains high and beyond the reach of many retail companies in the UK and around the world. According to Pinnington and Woolcook (1999) electronic commerce that fundamentally relies on EDI is quickly becoming standard based. Accordingly companies such as Microgen UK are seeing an opportunity to provide the EDI functions to small and medium enterprises who cannot afford to implement EDI full-scale. With companies such as Microgen UK, these retail companies have an opportunity to outsource their EDI processes and therefore compete effectively on the global market. Generally, there is much literature on the outsourcing process and the effect and benefits to the business or organization. However, little is available in this domain, especially related to the effects of IT outsourcing among retail companies within the United Kingdom (Linder, Cole and Jacobson, 2002). This research focuses on this area of study and intends to draw vital conclusions that can be used by professionals, academicians, and businesspeople. Theoretical framework Theories are usually developed to try to predict certain happenings. These happenings may include events of behaviour. A theoretical framework of the study here will include a structure capable of holding a theory during the research. The study here is about the effects of IT outsourcing among retail companies in the UK. The research problem addresses IT outsourcing among retail companies in the UK. The purpose of this research is to relate IT outsourcing to retail businesses in the UK and highlight the effects of outsourcing on retail businesses. The theoretical framework here will represent a theory that can be used as a basis for conducting the research. This research is likely to build a theory in line with the objective of this research. The researcher will use inductive reasoning to address the research problem the effects of IT outsourcing among retail companies in the UK. The research proposal will focus on all variabl e involved in the relationship between IT outsourcing and retail companies (Halvey and Melby, 2005). Based on the literature review it has been established that the two are interconnected and affect each other. The research proposal therefore aims at determining the link between them. The variables will also be vital in determining statistical relationship between IT outsourcing and the performance of retail companies (Eriksson and Kovalainen 2008). Research methods and sampling techniques to be used Collection, sampling, and analyzing of data should be done methodically and with much keenness (Veal 2005). There are a number of research approaches proposed for this study. In the article; The Research Process, Bouma (2004) states that the researcher during the inductive approach makes specific observations from the collected data and arrives at a new theory by observation and hypotheses (Stakes 1995; Yin 2008). The deductive approach starts by reviewing and gathering theory, collecti ng data, and drawing conclusions. However, these two research approaches are not mutually exclusive; hence a research study may have elements of both (Hamel 2000). This research will also take a quantitative research approach. In this approach the problem t be addressed will require an in depth explanation (Saunders 2009). Additionally, this approach will identify the variables within the problem and establish a correlation between these variables. This research is mainly literature-based where the researcher is intending â€Å"to rely on scholarly evidence to justify the research problem† (Saunders 2009, p. 58). There will be a deliberate attempt to address the inadequate knowledge that exists in this field of research. The research approach will also attempt to quantify the data collected. According to Kumar (2005), the quantitative approach examines and interprets data quantifiable, measurable, and finite. Acquiring quantitative data can be by experimentation, testing, and calculation. The results from this approach are usually displayed in a statistical format (Neuman 2006). Data analysis techniques to be used During this research the data collection strategy to be used will include transcription of the interview responses and field notes. These data will be categorized after open coding that includes an analysis of each interview question described as an item on term approach. Cross analysis as a data analysis technique is used for this research and will ensure that the process is analytically exhausted. The study must also be calibrated for credibility. The data on evaluation should be credible. Credibility involves truthfulness and value of the data. The proposed study will use triangulation where multiple data sources are considered. This enhances the data’s validity. Data validity and reliability Validity measures the extent to which an instrument used in data collection gives a true picture of what has been measured. Validity also refer s to the accuracy and meaningfulness of inferences derived from research data. Validity describes the degree to which the findings retrieved from a research are reflective of the concept under study. Structuring the interviews including the items selected for the interview schedule must be closely related to the variables under investigation for the instrument under consideration to qualify (Saunders 2009). The instruments used for this research study will be further evaluated as the study makes use of construct validity. This means that the instruments used will be constructed as suitable as possible to evaluate the theoretical concepts under study. As described earlier the effectiveness of the sampling process will work in conjunction with a sampling technique like snowball sampling at some point. The instruments used here will be constructed by the researcher with reference to the research objectives and under the supervision of a number of experts. Expected outcomes and research contributions The research will proceed on using the quantitative approach in which case the researcher will gather data using data collection instruments such as questionnaires and interviews. The researcher will also carry out document inspections and observations to identify data accurately that is pertinent to the study. The resulting data will be indicative of the fact that IT outsourcing has had various effects on retail companies in the UK. Ultimately, the outcome of this research is will determine that IT outsourcing is increasingly becoming a necessity for all retail business organizations that intend to harness the present technological advancement to their advantage. As such, target respondents will include retail business owners, scholars, government officials, and consumers. Based on the research questions practical and accountable the results are likely to be authoritative and can be used to develop a hypothesis and assist in decision making (Fink 2003). The hypothesi s of the research is based on factual literature views from previous researches. Similarly, the literature review will help give facts about the problem as it appears in different contexts and the various measures put in place and basing on the outcomes from these measures, the researcher will make recommendations (Collis and Hussy, 2009). Ethical issues and research limitations Most research studies have limitations and in this case, the following are the limitations and ethical issues expected in this research: The research will â€Å"quote some facts from secondary sources† (Saunders 2009, p. 256). There are high chances that the gathered information may be biased or outdated. Some vital information to help answer the researcher’s questions might not be made available because of limited research on the topic. Similarly, the study will heavily rely on the information collected from respondents. Therefore, selfish or biased response may affect the results of the whole project rendering it inaccurate. Due to financial constraint coupled with limited time, all effects of IT outsourcing on retail companies might not be adequately brought to light. The complexity of the whole process of theoretical study brings with it many processes that can lead to some aspects of the topics being forgotten. However, I will address this by being very careful to ensure that every aspect in the research questions and aims are adequately addressed (Neelankavil 2007). The limitation of using a descriptive survey research method is that a large descriptive survey may give superficial results. Alternatively, a small-scale descriptive survey with an emphasis on â€Å"qualitative† or â€Å"rich† detail has the limitation as poor generalization. Such small surveys are difficult to know how far the results can be applied elsewhere. The research may also suffer time constraints due to delayed approval by targeted study sample population, especially organization s. Project plan The research proposal includes a number of key activities. It is important that each of these activities is carried out comprehensively. From the methodology and research design, the project can follow the plan highlighted in the table below. Key activities for the project plan Setting up of the research questions and objectives (this includes deciding on the hypotheses of the expected results). Appropriately prepare the research instruments. This includes setting up the required mechanisms to facilitate research proposal such as recording materials and so forth. Paying a pre-visit to sights of the research. This will help in estimating various variables of the proposal like the expected budget as well as time scheduling. Reviewing the study objectives and questions based on the pre-visit findings. Carrying out the study and collecting data through the various methodologies highlighted. The collected data should be sampled and grouped for analysis and te sting the hypotheses to answer the research questions. Making conclusions and recommendations based on the research findings with reference to the literature reviews. Recording and present the research results. Reference List Bouma, G.D., 2004. The Research Process. 5th ed. South Melbourne: Oxford University Press. Brown, D. and Wilson, S., 2005. The black book of outsourcing: How to manage the changes, challenges, and opportunities. New York: Wiley. Bryman, A. and Bell, E., 2007. Business Research Methods. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Collis, J. and Hussy, R., 2009. Business Research: A practical Guide for Undergraduate Postgraduate Students. 3rd ed. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. De Vaus, D., 2002. Surveys in Social Research. 5th ed. Crows Nest, New South Wales: Allen and Unwin. Eriksson, P. and Kovalainen, A., 2008. Qualitative Methods in Business Research. Los Angeles: Sage. Fernie, J. 1999. Outsourcing distribution in UK retailing. Journal for Business Logist ics, 21(2), pp. 83–95. Fink, A., 2003. The Survey Kit. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication. Futurist, K., 2011. The Future of Outsourcing – Impact on Jobs. Journal on High Growth Economy, Web. Gordijn, J., 2002. Value-based Requirements Engineering – Exploring Innovative e- Commerce Ideas. Amsterdam: Vrije Universiteit. Hamel, G., 2000. Leading the revolution. Oxford: UK Oxford University Press. Hasan, A., 2008. How Outsourcing Affects the U.S. Economy! Directory Journal,  Web. Halvey, J and Melby, M., 2005. IT Outsourcing transactions: Process, strategies,  and contracts. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley. Jack, W., 2009. The Almanac of American Employers: Market Research. New York: New York Publishers. Kumar, R., 2005. Research Methodology: A step-by-step guide for beginners. 2nd ed. London: SAGE. Linder, J., Cole, M, and Jacobson, A., 2002. Business transformation through outsourcing. Strategy Leadership, 30(4), pp. 23-28. Neelankavil, J.P., 2007. Internat ional Business Research. New York: M.E.Sharpe. Neuman, W.L., 2006. Social Research Methods — Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. 6th ed. Boston: Pearson A B. Outsource mag, 2011. Separating retail and investment banking: the impact on outsourcing arrangements. Finance and accounting Journal, Web. Pinnington, A, and Woolcook, P., 1999. How far is IS/IT outsourcing enabling new organizational structure and competences? International Journal of Information  Management, 15(5), pp. 353-365. Saunders , M., 2009. Research methods for business students. 5th ed. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall. Stakes, R., 1995. The art of case study research. Thousand Oaks: Sage Inc. Stern, L. and El-Ansary, A., 1992. Marketing Channels. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall. Sullivan, A. and Steven, M., 2003. Economics: Principles in action. New York: Pearson Prentice Hall. Veal, A.J., 2005. Business Research Methods: A Managerial Approach. 2nd ed. Frenchs Forest, NSW: Pearson Addison Wesley. Yi n, R., 2008. Case study research: Design and methods (Applied social research methods). 4th ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage Inc. This proposal on The Effects of IT Outsourcing on Retail Companies was written and submitted by user Tristin T. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.