Friday, April 5, 2019
Impact Of Using Flash Cards English Language Essay
Impact Of Using Flash Cards English linguistic communication EssayVocabulary as the essence of a diction is one of main tools for spoken communication information, and has been the purpose of many studies. In fact, the phrase acquisition is considered as the heart of speech communication learning and main dowry of lyric tenet (Laufer, 1997).In the past, the wording was given little priority in the literature of English verbiage learning and teaching, and received only incidental attention in textbooks (Hedge, 2008 Richards Renandya, 2002). This may refer to the assumption that expressed the lexical instruction is not necessarybecause it house be occurred by itself (Moir nation, 2008). thitherfore, this assumption made the vocabulary teaching no popular on that time (Nation, 1990).Several studies swallow recently discussed more or less lexical chore of language disciples. For example, communication is generally associated with the lexical problems because it breaks down when people do not know the mightily wrangle to use (Allen, 1983 Bowen, 1985). Nowadays, it is more accepted that vocabulary plays an important role in a language learning and teaching. For example, Griffiths (2003, 2006) showed the importance of vocabulary teaching to the language learners has been acknowledged. Hence, there is an increasing interest in the vocabulary learning as main part of every language learning and teaching. Although there is a issue of studies on the field of vocabulary learning (Folse, 2004 Hunt Beglar, 2005), but its just about effective means is serene unclear (de Groot, 2006).For vocabulary learning, one way is finding the means of words in the dictionary and adding them in ones vocabularies. Another way is using vocabulary card or flash card that is faster touch than the previous way to increase word power. The flash card game can be studies almost anyplace and anytime, especially when one has a free time, even very short (Brown, 2000). In add ition, they can be arranged as logical groups of the target words (Cohen, 1990 Gairns Redman, 1990).Some studies reported that language learners could more effectively advance their vocabulary by using the flash cards instead of word lists (MondriaMondria-de Vries, 1994 Schmitt Schmitt, 1995). In the history of language teaching, the flash cards catch been used for many purposes much(prenominal) as (1) to improve word deferred payment magnate of schoolchilds who ar poor in reading skill (Culyer, 1988) (2) to practice vocabulary development of student during their foreign language learning (Ervin, 1988)(3) to teach English as second language (Hart, 1982) (4) for teaching twist of sentences, articles, propositions, and tenses (Palka, 1988), and (5) to improve the reading and comprehension speed (Tan Nicholson, 1997).Ehri and Roberts (1979) compared language learning ability of first graders based on printed words in context and in isolation. Their results indicated children with flashcard-training base learned more about the orthographic anatomy of words, while the context-trained children learned more about the word semantic identities.Cuvo and Klatt (1992) evaluated the impacts of three instructional conditions 1) teaching luck words by using flash cards 2) community-referenced sight words, and 3) teaching the phrases with a videotape circumstance and sight words with the natural symbols in community to youths with moderate mental retardation. The results represented that learning and comprehension of the community-referenced sight words was very fast in all three conditions, while a generality from the flashcard and videotape conditions occurred to the community sites. These results confirmed the positive effects ofusing flash cards for learning a language even some studies have reported that the flash cardsshould be used as a tool for creating fun in classrooms (Nicholson, 1998). Report byDin and Wienke(2001) showed using flash card is an eff ective approach in learning and training of chemistry vocabulary and study for high school teachers and students. In addition, study about effects of using flash card and word list approaches on language learning ability of EFL student (Learning of foreign language vocabulary) determined no significant difference in the effectiveness of some(prenominal) methods Baleghizadeh and Ashoori (2011). The literature review indicates that efficiency of using flash cards method in the vocabulary learning and teaching make is limited, and needs to be re-evaluated.Review of literatureAcquisition of vocabulary is one of the most challenging parts for language learning. In coiffure to solve the problem of forgetting learnt words by language learners through the time, teachers can attempt to use learning devices into their classes. Thus, this study would like to present a new-sprung(prenominal)vocabulary learning tool that called Vocabulary Flash Card (VFC). Many researchers agree that curricu lum designers and EFL educators impart feel that their debt instrument in language learning and teaching is more sensitive after knowing there are individual differences in learning process.Furthermore, it will garter them to fit teaching and learning in order to develop studentsEFL learning potentials, and to support students to become familiar with the approaches they can learn most effectively. In addition, it canassist to the students forcreating and developingother techniques and tools which can motivate language learners more than before. Better understanding on studentsopinions about the vocabulary learning process and using techniques enables teachers to design and provide suitable materials and activities for improving the students vocabulary learning and lexical competence.Problems resulted from lack of vocabulary knowledge may be the main barriers to successful language learning. Therefore, finding solutions for these problems may greatly help both language students an d teachers. To prepare guidelines for solving vocabulary acquisition problems, the first step is to disc everywhere those problems and secernate their nature. Hence, this study by revealing main problems of vocabulary learning and give solutions to them helps English teachers, students, curriculum designers, and may be parents to change their using strategies for English language learning to the new and more applicable ones such as Vocabulary Flash Card (VFC) using.Flashcard is a card, one side of card includes new vocabulary and the other side includes rendering or synonym. According to EslahkarKomachali and Khodareza (2012) flashcard for EFL teaching or self-study has been effectual tool for teachers and learners.Nation (2001) describes this strategy in learning vocabulary in another language that a learner writes foreign word on one side of a small card, and its translation of the first language on the other. The learner goes through a set of cards and tries to recall its mean ing.as Tan and Nicholson (1997) stated flashcards have been used to improve both comprehension and reading speed.Some researchers have criticized using flashcard for stressing memorization over comprehension and others have argued that they should be used as a devise to make water fun classrooms (Nicholson, 1998).In the past more teachersemphasized on the grammar, they pay less attention on the learning vocabulary. While grammar translation approach to the teaching of language provided a balanced diet of grammar and vocabulary, audiolinguisticssuggested that emphasis should be strongly on the acquisition of the grammar patterns of the language (Shakouri and Mehrgan, 2012).It was believed that if learners were able to internalize these basic patterns, their large vocabulary building comes later (Nunan, 1991).There are some reasons and factors about why teachers neglected vocabulary in the past.During the period 1940-1979,Allen (1983) outlined both reasons (1) it has emphasize too m uch in language classroom during the years before that time, and people considered it as the only key to language learning, and (2) the meaning of words couldnot adequately be thought, so it is better not to try to teach them.Results from Zimmerman (1997) would also lead us to think that most second language learners have traditionalisticly been through by methods gave minimal attention to vocabulary, so it seems reasonable to expect most teachers will continue to neglect vocabulary language, whether it is because of the methods by which they have learn the methods by which they are learning.ConclusionsResearchers are eternally trying to find appropriate ways to facilitate learning vocabulary. Learning vocabulary is different in different situations and levels. Using flash cards comes from anaudio-lingualmethod. Teachers pay less attention to using flashcard in teaching and methodology. This article tries to determine the effect of using flashcard on promoting students knowledge o f vocabulary,according to shakoori and mehrgan (2012) using flashcard is not effective in learning abstract words. For teaching abstract words it is better to create context, whileusing flashcard enhances learning vocabulary. Both students participations in classroom activities and performances on vocabulary test have been importantly increased after using flashcard.This study indicates there was different between using flashcard and traditional teaching method. They believed that using flashcard is much better than traditional method according to four reasons.(Mondriya and mondria-de vries, 1994 nalcata schmith and achmitt, 1995) . early new words can be easy practiced extensively with flashcard. Learners can separate cards into several categories based on their difficulty level. It helps them to review the new words. Second, working with flashcard increases vocabulary retrieval. Since learners are presented with a second language word and its definition on the other side of the card, they can easily practice new words and recall their meanings in as much as the words get on on two different sides of the card. Third learning words through traditional method, because some words may receive less attention than others because of the particular positions in the class. Nevertheless, there is not such a problem in learning with flashcard since they tend to be more flexible.
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