Case Study Of Severe Behavioural Problems Education Essay

babe X is in the Year One kin of a Primary School which is close to her bespeak. chela X is one of eight barbarians, virtually live with their aunty and the remainder live in the identical habitation with their womanly parent and male parent. The minor s male parent is a dual leg amputee, his first leg was removed onward shaver X was born and since infant X was born he has had the early(a)wise leg removed, every(prenominal) bit honest as a pollex. The womanly parent is out most eventides socializing with friends and leaves the pincers at place with the male parent. They moved onto a local council estate merely as electric razor X was born, they moved from another council estate in the country. in that respect is sm exclusively everyday in the house, packed tiffins non world make, tubing of chip given to the kid for their dinner etc. Home reading books are non given to emergence place as they are non brought vertebral column or are brought back damaged. Social service are to a considerable extent involved with the household every bit good as the staff at prepare. There is a sess of research over the hygiene of the kids, frequent caput lice, same leotardss etc for the whole hebdomad. Attendance and promptness of the kid are above norm with tiddler X being in school or on even up 18 out of 20 five yearss which is above the norm for the category.There is no panic in infant X, effects do non work, the instructor confirmed this detailing effects that have been tried in the yesteryear. kid X has numeracy aid every twenty-four hours where a assort of six kids are taken out to a little classroom and are given excess support with their work. This excessively happens on a Monday where they are taken for societal skills/ rai talk. There is no parental engagement with the kid s school work, when the reading book was allowed place it was non read and anyways prep, when given, is non brought back, at that place should be no inquiry as t o stationary non being available as the kids are provided with pencils, gum elastics and food colouring crayons. Steer, 2009, picture suggests that parental engagement in the early old ages helps a kid develop secure brotherly cyphers, assisting them to set up personal and learning accomplishments. Parents demoing mesh in their kid s instruction by speaking to them on a regular basis about their advancement appear to hold a considerable consequence their result. ( Steer, 2009, pg 54 ) As this does non go on with Child X there is a clear apprehension as to why Child Ten is demoing limited to minimum patterned advance during school. It is besides apparent that this has besides fall uponed the attachment bond with the kid, with no accomplishments being transferred from the parents to Child X.Observations in the classroom aid to belowstand the kid much(prenominal) than as it is possible for the perceiver to see what the triggers are with the kid. Assorted placards were done on the kid at assorted times the observations are included in the appendix.The first of the observations was of Child X during a rug activity ( Appendices A ) with the category, 28 kids and four grownups. The kid was find during the lesson speaking out of bend, non seting their manus up, even though there is a posting reminding the kids to set their manus up. Rogers and McPherson, 2008, pg 12, suggests that a posting be used, A ocular posting cue can help kids s short term memory here. The posting is displayed on the board, able to be seen by all kids. It illustrates how kids have their manus up ( without naming out or clicky fingers. ) Although this method does work with the other kids in the category, it does non work with Child X the posting was macroscopical to the kid during the lesson. During the lesson the kid was besides swaying backwards and forwards on the rug which was interrupting the kids that wanted to larn.The 2nd observation was whilst the kid was playing with a little affection of kids ( Appendices B ) during this trim the kid was observed non fall ining in conversation with the other kids, even though this was to the full expected and encouraged from myself. Under the nonparasitic reappraisal of the primary course of study Rose, 2009, pg 77, suggests that kids are to be taught a scope of societal and emotional accomplishments this is because these accomplishments are used a great divvy up in the instruction of the kids and their growing. Besides during the observation the kid snatched from another kid and was really aggressive when making so this could be to make with competition and tending seeking at place, A common description of much(prenominal) nuisance or attention- seeking appearance is They fidget, tap swayers, pencils or pess, whistling or sing showily, swing on chair tipped perilously rearward, roam around the room, crawl about under desks, bit others books and pencils. ( Cooper, 1999, pg 165. ) Child X displayed a lot of these demeanors during this clip this could be to make with the sum of kids in the house and the competition.During the observation of the kid during play clip during their dinner hr ( Appendices C ) Child C was observed to be flavour dark and disquieted whilst coloring in with her friend when another kid come over to the tabular array to color in. Duffy, 2003, pg 15 describes how a kid is seen to be saturnine, disengaged and bemused this is because a kid s choler has been curbed. Child X was besides observed to preferring to stay entirely, on the quietest tabular array, the kid besides stated that they prefer to and make play on their ain at place. Harmonizing to Schaefer and OConnor1994, pg 396, The lone wolf kid is much ofttimes on of the younger kids in the household. This kid is born into a household system with no topographic point to suit. This kid cowers from the behavior of the troubled kid and withdraws into a universe of phantasy, books and animate beings. This is appropriate as Child X is amongst seven other kids and is amongst the youngest of the kids with two other kids being younger. There is once more an apprehension that this could be because Child X has to attending seek and be amongst a batch of competition at place so now shadows from others in order to no hold to make so. However this is non good for her instruction, Classmate support, friendly socializing with schoolmates is believed to act upon scholars satisfaction with school because it may foster the gather up for relatedness. In add-on to beef uping the bonding amongst pupils, positive pupil interaction may foster pupils implore for competency and liberty through a shared focal point on larning activities. Danielsen, 2009, pg 305 if Child X defers from socializing with other kids so the satisfaction with school is degraded and the acquisition is so decreased.During the observation of the kid before traveling place ( Appendices D ) the most imperative behav ior that was observed was the ceaseless romance before traveling place, this was besides observed at other times, this affects their acquisition, Similarly, a kid s reverie, passiveness and under- public presentation in the schoolroom could be dissocialise behaviour, or the consequence of limited tidings and failure to grok due to traumatic, nervous tract disorganization. ( Hughes and Archer, 2003, pg 137 ) The woolgathering demands to be looked at in order to derive some schemes to control this and heighten Child X s acquisition in the schoolroom and encouragement intelligence.Child X was observed during their mathematics lesson which was in a little schoolroom with six other kids ( Appendices E ) during this lesson the kids are given a biscuit if they have non eaten, Child X misled the instructor by stating that they had non eaten even though they had. Lewis and Saarni, 1993, pg 93 describe the behavior of the kids when they lie about wholesome, Children are non stupid nor a re they foolish. After merely one or two interactions like this, the kid dis teetotums that if she admits to eating the cooky she lead be punished. She lies to avoid the penalty. Child X lied to avoid the penalty of eating a biscuit when she had already eaten.The childhood experiences have affected Child X s societal and emotional development in a terrible agency, which is imperative to their acquisition and development, Childhood is a important flesh in physical, rational and psychosocial development, so kids with mental wellness jobs can fight with their instruction, societal accomplishments, general wellness and friendly relationships. ( Honeyman, 2007, pg 39 )Child X is amongst a large than mean household and this could impact her societal and emotional accomplishments for a form of grounds, as described by Lask and Lask, 1982, pg17, The most likely accounts are than in unsound households the parents have less clip to pass with each kid and so may supply less stimulati on and instruction. Further, big households tend to be more disorganised, and so two verbal interchange and subject could be inconsistent and baffled. Finally, strife and inharmoniousness in big households are more likely. As Child X is portion of a large household there is less clip for the parents to pass clip with her, which is decreasing the opportunity for societal interaction between parents and kid. This is besides impacting the kid s behavior as subject is more than probably kept to a minimal due to chaos in the house as there is a deficiency of modus operandi. Jardine, 2008, Online explains that a kid who is raised in a big households benefits with their societal and emotional accomplishments this is because they learn new accomplishments, Children from larger households get into fewer battles, and are come apart at doing and maintaining friends. Through keeping siblings, kids learn empathy, squad playing, satisfaction postponement, time-management and how to decide differences. As Child X is in a bigger household so she should hold learnt emotional and societal accomplishments that lead profit her in her preparational scene and in her approaching life.Chid X has besides grown up with her male parent being a dual leg amputee, this certainly will hold effected her emotional development in a positive agency, Rogers believes that holding a parent who is disabled strengthens a kid s emotions, Some kids with a handicapped parent were asked what strengths they got from holding a handicapped parent and the responses included doggedness and inventiveness. ( Rogers, 2005, pg 71 ) Child X will hold built the emotional accomplishments to be able to stick out in things she does as she will hold seen her male parent do so with his disablement. However it is unknown for Child X to demo the accomplishments of inventiveness in the schoolroom where there has been a batch of chance to make so. However Byng-Hall considers that kids who live with a handica pped parent may bottle up a batch of choler and may show it at any clip, A kid might get down to show the feelings of the handicapped parent or those of the parent who might now experience trapped by their handicapped spouse. A kid may give blowhole to the choler, defeat, and depression which are his or her household s every bit good as his or her ain. ( Byng- Hall, 1998, pg 266 Having observed and worked with Child X for many months I believe that Byng- Hall is adjust with the emotions of the kid being angry and defeated, this is due to many possibilities of lost chances due to the male parent being in a wheelchair and the evident deficiency of the egg-producing(prenominal) parent in the eventide. These feelings are halting Child Ten from developing both emotional and in her instruction.Not merely have Child X s earlier and current experiences effected her emotional and societal development they besides are impacting her acquisition whilst in the schoolroom. The first 1 is the nutrition of the kid, no breakfast is given usually and when it is it usually consists of a package or tubing of chip non part controlled. This is impacting Child X s acquisition in the schoolroom as deemed by Gurian, Henley and Trueman, 2001, pg 86 If a five twelvemonth old is under emotional emphasis, she has great trouble commanding herself or larning. If she is under emotional emphasis, the same is true. As Child X has no breakfast some yearss this could be a factor into the deficiency of acquisition and in-put from the kid. However Child X does sometimes hold a breakfast of chip or Sweets which is under some topicion with some practicians believing that kids holding fast nutrient for their breakfast additions their consequences when making scrutinies, could this hike their acquisition in the schoolroom every bit good, When given a pre-exam, fast-food tiffin, which contained eight per cent more Calories than usual, the kids s classs were, on norm, seven per cent higher for maths and history, and four per cent for English. ( Hoe, 2005, online ) There is a figure of statistics that show that devouring fast nutrient does assist to punter a kid s scrutiny consequences, nevertheless this would non be approved by the regulating organic structures for kids to eat fast nutrient everyday to better consequences. This is because there is much research into the apprehension that eating fast nutrient and nutrients which contain high Numberss of additives are factors towards a kid s behavior, Diets high in processed nutrients are doing bad behavior and larning troubles in kids, scientists have warned. They claim debris nutrient stops the encephalon from working decently, fetching to underachievement and a server of upsets. Hope, 2005, online During some of the observations Child X was seen to be twenty-four hours woolgathering during the rug work and on occasion during independent work and at place clip Brandell describes how certain types of kids can on oc casion go into a reverie and non pay attending to what is go oning, For illustration misss tend to hold more jobs with attendings and may prosecute in reverie, may hold trouble treating information and following waies, or may be diffident and retire. Girls with hyperactivity can by and large be hyper talkative. ( Brandell, 2010, pg 303 ) Brandell looks at the procedure of woolgathering as a symptom of a kid with ADD or attention deficit disorder, and that the kid will be slow at treating the information. However Fries, 2009, Online believes that kids who do reveries are in fact intelligent and imaginative, For the most portion, kids are natural, fecund, and happy woolgatherers, and the procedure plays an of import function in their development lives. overly frequently, nevertheless, parents and instructors are speedy to label reverie as a symptom of an Attention Deficit Disorder or the mark of a shirker in the devising. A new survey finds that positive-constructive reveri e, even when heavy in form, is non related to psychological upsets as some have antecedently thought, scarce kind of is a normal activity that reflects the woolgatherer s inventive inclinations and enjoyment of woolgathering. When detecting Child X woolgathering she seemed to be in a happy reverie instead than a chilling or withdrawing dream. However as with Brandell Child X displays jobs with attending, finds it inviolable to follow instructions and can look to be withdrawn when around other kids. French friess on the other manus has looked at this on a more neuro-scientifical manner instead than diagnostically.There is there neuroscience conjecture of a kid s behavior and so there is besides the fond regard speculation which does impact the manner a kid behavior and learns in the schoolroom. Harmonizing to fond regard theory our first relationship with our carers acts as a womb-to-tomb templet, modeling and determining our capacity to come in into, and maintain, winning su bsequent relationships with household, friends and spouses. It is believed that these early and powerful experiences with the people who foremost looked after us will determine our long-run emotional well-being. ( Hall, 2007, online ) Having observed and worked with Child X for some clip it has come to my cognition that she does hold symptoms of reactive fond regard upset these being, Young kids may look withdrawn and passive. They may disregard others or react to others in uneven ways. Some may look excessively familiar with aliens and touch or cleaving to people they ve merely met. However, they lack empathy for others. Their behavior comes crosswise to others as needy and strange, unlike the normal friendliness of kids. Other symptoms of reactive fond regard upset in kids can include the undermentioned softness to larn from errors ( hapless cause-and-effect thought ) larning jobs or holds in acquisition, unprompted behavior, unnatural address forms, destructive or barbarous behavior ( Bower, 2010 online ) Child X displays many of these symptoms in the schoolroom, this could be a factor to the behavioral issues that have happened in the schoolroom. Even though attachment upsets are produced during the early phases of a kid s life, it stays with them throughout their life and affects the people that they meet from instructors, foremans friends and future spouses.As Child X s male parent was in and out of hospital during the early portion of her childhood, there was small bond formed with both Child Ten and her male parent, which could hold a large impact on the kid s instruction. However Bowlby implies that the primary health professional and the individual most receptive to making a bond is the female parent, The implicit in premise of Bowlby s Maternal Deprivation Hypothesis is that continual break of the fond regard between baby and primary health professional ( i.e. female parent ) Simply Psychology, 2010, online Even though a male parent can lend to the upbringing of the kid, Bowlby believes that male parent is non a chief contributor and so is non a primary health professional and so will non organize a bond and her fond regard and behavior will be challenged throughout her life.However upon looking at the behavior of Child X further, their behaviour tantrums more with a kid who has Avoidant upset fond regard. Extreme shyness, specially while confronting a new state of affairs, hypersensitivity to unfavorable judgment, rejection and other proscribe appraisal, Avoidance of societal every bit good as occupational interaction and activities, particularly if they require interpersonal contact, Low self-pride, ego abhorrence and a sense of insufficiency and lower status, Fantasying about the state of affairss that they normally avoid in world, Keeping a certain distance even in confidant relationship, for the fright of being ridiculed. Bora, 2010, on-line Child X shows many of these behaviors in the schoolroom and o ther environments in the school with a assortment of people within the environment. The avoidant fond regard is imperative to the deficiency of parents that were and are around whilst Child X is turning up, the male parent being in infirmary and the female parent socializing, there is besides a figure of other kids who may take up a batch of attending from both parents.As we as organizing an fond regard with their health professional, Learning Theories, 2010, on-line understands that kids need a assortment of different facets fulfilled in their life to develop in life and in their instruction such things are, for the kid to hold a sense of worth, achievement, and regard for others and belongings it besides includes attention for others, familiarities and ownerships, etc. There are many other demands that are mandatory for the kid to take a successful and content life and instruction, upon looking at the demands Child Ten seems to be unfortunate to non run into them all, such as h olding a sense of worth and non taking ownership of their ain work which is indispensable in their instruction.However as this country of demands is at the top of the pyramid it could be seen as Child X has non progressed to that degree, although it is possible that she may non come on with limited to no construction in her place life the safety needs country are non being met as this requires way and permanency, with no organisation and the parents being in and out of the house the kid may non derive a sense and apprehension of this. On the other manus there is besides and understanding that each kid starts at the underside and must come on through each phase singly, though some of the demands do consequence some of the other demands and so they can run into these accordingly which Maslow believes should non go on, so is this truly the best theory to look at and for educational leadership to follow?It is more realistic to look at the consequence that Bowlby s fond regard theory h as on a kid s instruction, life and behavior as the manner a kid builds relationships holds a great trade of duty on the manner a kid s life is structured. This is because if a kid feels loved and safe in their environment they feel content there is no demand for the battle or flight response as they are comfy in their life. Looking at the theory of Maslow s hierarchy of demands there is jobs and defects with the manner a kid understands and develops those accomplishments and many of the accomplishments learnt throughout a homo s life are needed during the earl phases and throughout the educational development phase.Looking at Child X s behavior there is an apprehension that it has effects on her instruction and societal development within school. Child X has server behavioral jobs nevertheless there are four imperative behaviors that are impacting her instruction. The first of these is the deficiency of regard and apprehension of the world that her behavior has effects whether it is good or bad Child X does non respond to effects whether it involves remaining in a playday or the loss of golden clip . The school besides hosts a traffic visible radiation system ( Appendices F ) which does non ensue in set uping Child X s behavior.Child X besides has behavioral issues when making rug work within the whole category, behavioral issues during this clip are ill-disciplined as the work done at this clip help the kid s independent work subsequent to the rug work. If Child X is acting in a hard manner it is deflecting herself from larning every bit good as the other kids who are besides sat on the rug, besides the instructor s attending is focused on her instead than other kids who may be fighting with understanding the work.The behavior that besides affects Child X s acquisition is the attending seeking from the kid from both the instructor and the instruction helper s in the category. After looking into the affair of the attending seeking it has come to my cogniti on that the behavior of Child X could besides be related to enduring from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( ADHD ) Mellor and Weymont, 1997, pg 19 discusses the indicants of a kid with ADHD, As a really stony manner of separating the two we can concentrate on the hyperactivity facets of ADHD and attending seeking. The kid who displays a great trade of activity in the category as a manner of obtaining attending will about surely be happy to settle to work rather calmly with the instructor 11. If the kid continues to fidget and travel all the clip and you suspect ADHD discuss this with your particular needs co-ordinator and school medical officer. However Child X will fidget when working one to one with a instructor it is no different to those who have acceptable behavior in the schoolroom so ADHD will non be a immense factor in the schemes that will be attempted with Child X.The concluding important behavioral issues is the deficiency of socialization accomplishments from Child X with the other kids, the societal accomplishments are needed for the kids to develop in their educational scene this is verified by an article by Garner, 2001, online which states, Teachers leaders warn that a turning figure of students are geting for their first twenty-four hours at school without the societal accomplishments they need to acquire by. David Hart, the general secretary of the guinea pig Association of Head Teachers, said I m non in the least surprised about the figures. They show primary school caputs are holding to cover with a turning figure of kids from dysfunctional households, and it is clearly non sensible to maintain students in school who are damaging the instruction of others. The societal accomplishments are needed from each kid to guarantee that there are no dissensions in the category and that the kids can set about merely multitude treatments without impacting the instruction of the other kids. Child X has great trouble keeping friendly relationships and upholding and holding a position during treatments with the other kids in the category, which in many ways is doing schoolroom rifts which are taking to the instructor taking clip out of a lesson to discourse the issues and effects of such clangs.Now that we have defined the behavioral issues of Child X and the effects on her instruction, it is now clip to look at the schemes that could be used within the educational scene which can so besides be used at place I shall look at these in a critical manner looking at how they could be seen more as a hinderance instead than a aid to her instruction. The first scheme I shall look at is the deficiency of consequence that countenances have in Child X, nevertheless Porter, 2008, pg 9 believes in a strategy which does non affect rebuke or inducement for kids s behavior in the schoolroom. She believes that kids should be taught behavior as such like a normal course of study lesson in the schoolroom, utilizing the same methods and resources as you would for any other lesson. On the other manus Wagner, 2002, pg 85 illustrates how wagess can excite kids in the schoolroom, Children like wagess, which keep their enthusiasm and willingness steady, Like Wagner I do believe that wagess help to enthuse and promote the students to act in the right mode, but as seen with Child X such wagess do non change the manner in which she behaves. Child Ten does hold fostering on a Monday with a Particular Support Assistant along with five other kids, upon treatment with the SSA it is evident that Child X is doing slow patterned advance, but is finally doing advancement, this could be the method of learning kids good behavior that Porter was proposing to make instead than wagess and penalty.One scheme that has been research to battle the behavioral issues whilst Child X is making rug work, with the remainder of the category is tactically disregarding the kid. Rogers, 2007, pg 144 examines the usage of tactically disregard ing the kid, Tactically disregarding each pupil who calls out while reacting to those utilizing the custodies up regulation. Tactical ignoring is merely helpful if the pupils really sense that the instructor is conveying a message about selective attending to allow behavior. Ignoring the naming out of Child X may trip her to set her manus up when she wants to reply or inquire a inquiry on the other manus tactically disregarding a kid can be seen as a negative in the schoolroom as Westwood explains, While it is common to see the frequence of unwanted behavior in a kid as something to cut down, it is more positive to see the non- roiled ( appropriate ) behaviors as something to honor and therefore addition. It is a aureate regulation to be much more positive and encou raving mad than be critical and negative in interactions with pupils. ( Westwood, 2002, pg 73 ) Westwood examines how instead than merely disregarding the awkward behavior as Rogers suggests making, instructors sho uld unite this with positive remarks and praising the kid for the right behavior. Wagess could besides be used, but as examined earlier Child X does non respond to wagess in the schoolroom.There are many schemes to contend the attending seeking behavior that Child X shows such as, 1. Give the pupil a place of duty in the schoolroom and promote him/her to put a good illustration for others ( e.g. , go throughing out documents ) .2. Post a chart in the forepart of the room defining the regulations to be followed when reacting. For illustration 1. Raise your manus if you wish to speak. 2. Wait to be called on. 3. Listen while others talk. 3. Delegate the pupil a particular undertaking of involvement and allow him/her show the study to the class.4. Ignore the pupil s raging remarks, but give congratulations when the pupil describes his/her existent accomplishments. ( Teacher Vision, 2010, online ) Again concentrating on the instructor is to disregard the behavioral jobs from the kid there is a farther issue with this, which may take to the kid s behavior exasperating, Likewise, merely disregarding kids s early riotous behavior and offending is linked to go on and more serious piquing over clip. ( Cipriani, 2009, pg 162 ) As Cipriani suggests the bad behavior should be made clear to the kid that it is un-acceptable behavior this will do clear that such behaviors will non be tolerated in the schoolroom.The concluding behavioral issue that needs farther intercession is the deficiency of societal accomplishments displayed by Child X, presently there is in topographic point a particular session where Child X is taken out of the category to travel to a raising group with some other kids, this last for an hr and it helps kids to heighten their societal and anger direction accomplishments. There are studies which show that kids in a raising group have their societal accomplishments and life accomplishments dramatically improved, The input is intense congratulat ions and encouragement are changeless and the wagess are high. The capital of the United Kingdom borough of Enfield has had raising groups since 1981, and now has 13, which it supports with preparation. A survey here in the Nineties showed that 83 per cent of kids who had been supported in a raising group were able to later map in the schoolroom without extra aid, compared to merely 55 per cent of kids with similar jobs who had non had the raising group experience. ( Wiles, 2007, online ) There are beaming statistics at that place to inform those of the great aid that kids in a raising group receive, nevertheless there is histories of the raising groups increasing the bad behavior of the kids, There are for illustration, studies of really hard raising groups which really reach a crescendo of bad behavior before quieting down and consolidating ( Barnes, 1999, pg 103 ) As the raising session is in the early phases, it would be more beneficially to let Child X to go on in the categ ories and supervise her betterment and development. There are future developments in the schoolroom go arounding around the societal accomplishments country harmonizing to OECD, 2010, pg 213 I remember being really impressed at the clip by the fact that instructor trainees in pattern learning non merely has to hold a curricular and didactic apprehension of how they were traveling to learn but besides needed to demo an epicurean and good developed program about how they were traveling to work with a specific diverse category to heighten societal coherence in the schoolroom and to learn pro societal values and societal accomplishments. The writer has seen trainee instructors in other states larning how to affect societal accomplishments into their instruction and to use any available resources. There are programs to convey such instructions over to England in the approaching old ages this would let kids such as Child X to derive and string out out such accomplishments whilst in t he schoolroom instead than for them to be taken out of the schoolroom.Having observed Child X at assorted occasions and produced a instance survey, it was effortless to happen out the behaviors that were unacceptable. It was besides looked into as to how Child X s early life experience have effected and go on to consequence her instruction and her societal and emotional development. There was besides the research into how Bowlby s fond regard theory could hold besides made Child X s behaviour improper and explicate the deficiency of societal accomplishments. Having been able to understand the consequent behaviors displayed by Child X it was so gettable to develop schemes that could be used in the schoolroom to assist discourage the behavioral issues this was done in a critical manner. After looking at the schemes critically it was clear that there was no definite scheme to assist Child X, although there are future developments into instructors being able to affect societal accompli shments into course of study lessons.Bibliography Positive behaviorBarnes, R ( 1993 ) Positive Teaching, Positive Learning Oxon RoutledgeBora, C ( 2010 ) Avoidant Personality Disorder Symptoms Buzzle for sale from hypertext transfer protocol //www.buzzle.com/articles/avoidant-personality-disorder-symptoms.html Accessed sixth April 2010 Bower, J ( 2010 ) Reactive attachment upset of babyhood or early childhood Encyclopaedia of Mental Disorders easy from hypertext transfer protocol //www.minddisorders.com/Py-Z/Reactive-attachment-disorder-of-infancy-or-early-childhood.html Accessed fourth April 2010 Brandell, J ( 2010 ) Theory & A Practice in Clinical Social Work ( 2nd Ed ) London Sage PublicationsByng- Hall, J ( 1998 ) Rewriting Family Scripts improvisation and Systems Change Oxon Guildford PressCipriani, D ( 2009 ) Children s Rights and the Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility A Global Perspective Surrey Ashgate PublishingCooper, P ( 1999 ) Understanding and back uping kids with emotional and behavioral troubles London Jessica Kingsley PublishersDanielsen, A ( 2009 ) School- related societal support and pupils perceived life satisfaction. 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